How Many Forbidden Cities Are There in the World?
Contrary to what its name suggests, the Forbidden City, or "Zijin Cheng" in Chinese, is not just one place. In fact, there are four Forbidden Cities scattered across China. These architectural marvels offer a glimpse into the grandeur and power of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
1. The Forbidden City in Beijing: The Epitome of Imperial Splendor
Undoubtedly the most famous of the four, the Forbidden City in Beijing stands as a testament to China's imperial past. Located at the heart of the city, along the central axis, it served as the imperial palace for 24 emperors across the Ming and Qing dynasties, earning its moniker, "Forbidden," for its inaccessibility to commoners.
The construction of this magnificent complex began in 1406 during the reign of the Yongle Emperor of the Ming dynasty and took a grueling fifteen years to complete. Built by over a million workers, including skilled artisans and laborers, the Forbidden City stands as a marvel of traditional Chinese architecture and urban planning.
Over the centuries, from its completion in 1420 to the abdication of the last emperor, Puyi, in 1912, the Forbidden City witnessed the ebb and flow of imperial power. Each successive emperor, while inheriting its legacy, also contributed to its evolution, undertaking renovations, expansions, and adding their personal touch to specific structures and gardens.
Today, the Forbidden City in Beijing, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, stands as the largest and most well-preserved ancient wooden structure in the world, encompassing 980 buildings and sprawling over 72 hectares (over 177 acres). It serves as a vibrant museum, offering visitors a captivating journey through China's rich history and cultural heritage.
2. The Other Forbidden Cities: Echoes of Imperial Power
While the Forbidden City in Beijing stands as the most prominent, three other cities in China bear the legacy of the "Forbidden City" title.
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Nanjing: The city of Nanjing, once the capital of the Ming Dynasty, housed the first Forbidden City. Although largely destroyed during the Ming dynasty's collapse, its remnants whisper tales of a glorious past and the architectural ambition that paved the way for Beijing's Forbidden City.
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Shenyang: Located in the northeastern Liaoning Province, Shenyang's Forbidden City served as the imperial palace for the Later Jin dynasty and the first three Qing emperors before they moved their capital to Beijing. Smaller in scale than its Beijing counterpart, it showcases a unique blend of Manchu and Han Chinese architectural styles.
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Xingcheng: In the northeastern Liaoning province lies the Xingcheng Forbidden City, a smaller yet well-preserved example, offering a glimpse into the lives of the Qing dynasty emperors who sought refuge within its walls during times of conflict.
While each of these Forbidden Cities might differ in scale and preservation, they collectively represent a pivotal chapter in Chinese history, embodying the power, artistry, and cultural legacy of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Q&A
1. What is the significance of the name "Forbidden City"? The name "Forbidden City," or "Zijin Cheng" in Chinese, referred to the imperial palace's restricted access. Commoners were strictly forbidden from entering without special permission, highlighting the emperor's absolute authority and the sacred nature of the palace grounds.
2. Why were there multiple Forbidden Cities in China? The existence of multiple Forbidden Cities can be attributed to shifts in power and strategic considerations throughout Chinese history. Dynasties like the Ming and Qing established multiple capitals and corresponding palace complexes to solidify their rule over vast territories.
3. Apart from the Forbidden City in Beijing, which other Forbidden City is best preserved? While all Forbidden Cities offer historical value, the Shenyang Forbidden City in Liaoning province is particularly well-preserved. It provides valuable insights into the early Qing dynasty and the fusion of architectural styles during that era.