The Forbidden Purple: Unpacking the Name "Zijin Cheng"
The magnificent palace complex located in the heart of Beijing, known to the world as the Forbidden City, holds within its very name a sense of mystery and intrigue. This iconic landmark, a testament to China's imperial past, is not simply called "Forbidden City" in Mandarin Chinese. The true name, Zijin Cheng (紫禁城; pronounced Zǐjìnchéng), holds a deeper meaning, reflecting ancient beliefs and the palace's unique position in Chinese history.
Decoding "Zijin Cheng"
The name Zijin Cheng first appeared in official records in 1576, more than a century after the complex's completion. Let's break down the name to understand its significance:
- Zi (紫): This character translates to "purple" in English. However, the significance of purple in ancient China extends far beyond a simple color. Purple was associated with the North Star, known as the Ziwei Star (紫微星) in ancient Chinese astronomy. The Ziwei Star was believed to be the celestial residence of the Celestial Emperor, the ruler of the heavens.
- Jin (禁): This character means "forbidden" or "restricted." It highlights the exclusive nature of the palace complex, accessible only to the emperor, his family, and a select few officials and servants.
- Cheng (城): This character translates to "city." While often referring to a walled urban area, "Cheng" in this context emphasizes the palace's self-contained nature – a city within a city.
Therefore, Zijin Cheng can be literally translated as "Purple Forbidden City." This name evokes a powerful image: a celestial city on Earth, forbidden to ordinary people and mirroring the residence of the Celestial Emperor himself.
Forbidden Palace: An Alternative Translation
While "Forbidden City" remains the most common English translation, "Forbidden Palace" is also used, particularly in academic circles. This translation emphasizes the complex's function as the emperor's residence and center of power, rather than solely focusing on its city-like qualities.
The Name's Enduring Legacy
The name "Zijin Cheng" has endured for centuries, even as the palace complex itself transitioned from an imperial residence to a museum. It serves as a reminder of China's imperial past, the power dynamics of the era, and the celestial beliefs that shaped Chinese culture.
FAQs
1. Why is the Forbidden City called "forbidden?"
The "forbidden" in the name refers to the strict access limitations imposed during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Only the emperor, his family, concubines, and a select group of officials and servants were allowed entry. Trespassing was considered a grave offense, often punishable by death.
2. Did commoners ever refer to the palace as "Zijin Cheng?"
While "Zijin Cheng" was the official name used in court documents and by officials, commoners often used alternative names like "Forbidden City" or simply "the Palace." Directly using the official name was considered disrespectful.
3. Is purple still considered a significant color in Chinese culture?
Yes, purple retains its association with nobility, power, and wisdom in modern Chinese culture. It is often used in traditional clothing, art, and decorations, particularly for auspicious occasions.